Bisabolol is an intriguing terpene, with a rich history and diverse applications in and out of the cannabis plant. With its expanding prominence in medicine, skincare, and perfumery, this fragrant chemical compound is gaining a well-deserved reputation as both a versatile and valuable ingredient.
Bisabolol exists in two enantiomeric forms, namely (−)-α-bisabolol and (+)-α-bisabolol, with the former being the more prevalent and biologically active form. Its structure comprises a bicyclic ring system, consisting of a six-membered ring fused with a ten-membered ring, resulting in a complex yet stable molecule.
Like other terpenes, bisabolol is more than a pleasant aroma. Bisabolol's gentle aroma is characterized by floral, fruity, and slightly nutty undertones that make it highly valued in perfumery and aromatherapy. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-irritant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. It can also modulate the effects of other compounds — such as cannabinoids in cannabis plants — via its role in the entourage effect .
Bisabolol is commonly found in the chamomile flower, especially German chamomile, which is a primary natural source of this terpene. The chamomile flower is traditionally used for its soothing and calming qualities, and its essential oil is a key ingredient in many skincare products due to its bisabolol content.
This article explores alpha-bisabolol terpene’s potential benefits and applications in more detail.
Bisabolol is considered safe for human use by regulatory agencies, and its widespread use in cosmetics and therapeutic applications highlights its favorable safety profile.
A Quick Introduction to Terpenes
Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds responsible for the distinctive aromas and flavors found in many plants, including cannabis. These natural compounds do more than just please the senses—they play a vital role in the plant’s overall effects and therapeutic benefits. In cannabis, terpenes like bisabolol contribute to the plant’s unique profile, influencing not only how it smells and tastes but also how it interacts with the body.
What does Bisabolol smell and taste like?
Bisabolol is renowned for its floral aroma, reminiscent of chamomile flowers. Its scent is often described as soothing and pleasant with a touch of honey, adding elegance to various products. It also imparts subtly sweet when infused, contributing to its desirability in the culinary and cosmetic industries.
Notable Sources of Bisabolol
Bisabolol is abundant in nature, most notably in the chamomile flower, particularly German chamomile, which has been prized for centuries across several cultures for its calming properties and delicate scent. It’s present in various cannabis strains alongside other terpenes, forming the complex chemical makeup of each. Bisabolol can also be extracted in respectable amounts from other botanical sources , such as the South African candeia tree and other species that possess similar floral scents.
Potential Health Benefits of Bisabolol
Unlike most terpenes, Bisabolol is not the best bet for neuropathic pain relief, whose therapeutic potential revolves around anxiolytic, spasmolytic, or analgesic properties. Instead, contemporary scientific research suggests it can enhance skin health and appearance in many ways. Bisabolol is known for its beneficial effects, including calming effects and a soothing effect that promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and help soothe skin irritations. Additionally, bisabolol has been studied for its potential to benefit cancer patients, with research showing its ability to kill acute leukemia cells and also inhibit their growth. Let’s explore how.
Anti-inflammatory properties
Bisabolol can modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. It can also suppress the activation of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils which cause signs and symptoms of inflammation, such as pain, swelling, heat, and redness. These anti inflammatory effects of bisabolol contribute to its therapeutic potential, including soothing skin irritation and providing gastro-protective benefits.
Ingested bisabolol interacts with the endocannabinoid system , which regulates immune function. It can enhance the effects of cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, by increasing their bioavailability and binding affinity to cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs, including the skin, brain, gut, and joints. Bisabolol may also interact with gastrointestinal tract receptors, helping to produce calming and anti-inflammatory effects in the gut by influencing gut health and relaxing digestive muscles. By activating these receptors, bisabolol and cannabinoids can synergistically modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation .
Bisabolol’s effective anti-inflammatory properties can benefit various conditions and diseases involving chronic or acute inflammation, such as arthritis, asthma, colitis, dermatitis, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
Anti-irritant properties
Bisabolol can protect the skin from damage and sensitivity caused by external factors, such as UV rays, pollutants, allergens, or cosmetics. It can also help prevent or reduce skin reactions to these factors, such as rashes, itching, burning, or stinging.
Topically-applied bisabolol enhances skin barrier function by increasing the hydration and lipid content of the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It can also reduce transepidermal water loss, which is the evaporation of water from the skin’s surface. This helps prevent skin from drying out or cracking. Bisabolol is especially beneficial for dry skin and can help treat various skin conditions by soothing irritation, restoring moisture, and supporting overall skin health.
Bisabolol can also inhibit the expression of enzymes that degrade collagen and elastin, the skin’s main structural proteins. It can also scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which are unstable molecules that cause oxidative stress, skin inflammation, and skin irritation. By doing so, bisabolol can play a role in slowing skin aging and wrinkling.
Bisabolol’s anti-irritant properties can benefit sensitive skin types and conditions, such as rosacea, eczema, psoriasis, and acne. It can also improve the skin’s tolerance and compatibility with other ingredients in skincare and cosmetic products.
Anti-microbial properties
Bisabolol has also been shown to promote wound healing and fight against bacteria, fungi, and viruses that can cause infections or breakouts in the skin. It is particularly effective in helping to treat fungal infections, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products targeting such conditions. It can also help balance the skin’s natural flora and prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganisms.
The anti-microbial properties of bisabolol are rooted in its ability to disrupt the cell membranes, metabolic processes and enzyme activities of harmful microorganisms, which are necessary for their function and reproduction. It can also modulate the immune system and enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages, which are cells that engulf and destroy these microorganisms.
Bisabolol’s anti-microbial properties can benefit various skin infections and conditions, such as acne, impetigo, candidiasis, herpes, and warts. It can also prevent or treat infections caused by wounds, burns, cuts, or insect bites. In addition, bisabolol is used for treating minor wounds and can promote healing, helping to soothe irritation and support skin recovery. This improves the overall hygiene and freshness of the skin, controlling unpleasant odors caused by bacteria.
Bisabolol is a versatile terpene that can be used for all skin types and conditions. The Food and Drug Administration generally recognizes it as safe, with no known serious adverse effects. As such, you can find it in many everyday skincare and cosmetic products and in experimental food items that employ terpene infusion .
Potential Applications of Bisabolol
Bisabolol is a terpene with many potential applications in various industries.
Here are three notable uses of bisabolol:
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Cosmetics: Bisabolol is common in skincare and cosmetic products, such as creams, lotions, serums, masks, cleansers, toners, and oils. It can improve the skin’s appearance and health via its skin-nourishing properties. It can also enhance the scent, stability, and overall sensory experience of other ingredients in the products.
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Aromatherapy: Bisabolol is a common ingredient in aromatherapy products, such as essential oils, candles, diffusers, and sprays. It provides relaxing and soothing effects for the mind and body by stimulating the olfactory and limbic systems. Known for its soothing qualities and relaxing effects, bisabolol can help reduce stress, anxiety, insomnia, and depression by modulating neurotransmitters and hormones in the brain.
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Medicine: Bisabolol is also used in medicine for its therapeutic properties. It can treat various conditions and diseases that involve inflammation, pain, or infection. By modulating the endocannabinoid system, it can enhance the effects of cannabinoids and other drugs. In medical cannabis, bisabolol contributes to the therapeutic effects by providing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial benefits.
Bisabolol and the Entourage Effect
The entourage effect describes the way in which the various compounds in cannabis—especially terpenes and cannabinoids— work together to create a more profound therapeutic experience than any single compound could achieve alone. Bisabolol plays a significant role in this synergy, particularly when it comes to enhancing the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of cannabis.
When bisabolol is present alongside other terpenes and cannabinoids, it helps amplify the plant’s overall therapeutic benefits. This is especially true in cannabis strains that are rich in bisabolol, where its soothing and health-promoting effects are complemented by the actions of other terpenes. The result is a more balanced and effective cannabis experience, with improved anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that can support overall well-being.
Understanding the entourage effect and bisabolol’s contribution allows users to make more informed choices when selecting cannabis products. By choosing strains or products that harness this natural synergy, individuals can maximize the therapeutic effects—whether they’re seeking relief from pain, inflammation, or simply looking to enhance their sense of well-being. The interplay between bisabolol, other terpenes, and cannabinoids is a testament to the complexity and potential of cannabis as a source of natural health benefits.
Cannabis Strains High in Bisabolol
While various terpene strain profiles are popular for calming elevated stress levels or providing a full-body buzz, there’s no reason not to try different cannabis strains and explore new experiences! Specific cannabis strains high in bisabolol can provide targeted therapeutic benefits due to their unique terpene profiles. If you want to see what alpha-bisabolol can do for you, here’s a short list of dispensary staples you should pick up, along with each cannabis strain’s chemical makeup.
Girl Scout Cookies
Girl Scout Cookies, or GSC, is a highly sought-after cannabis strain renowned for its exceptional potency and delicious flavor profile. This hybrid strain crosses Durban Poison and , resulting in a well-balanced and potent experience. Its dense buds display vibrant colors, and the strain emits a fragrant aroma of sweet mint and earthy undertones.
Girl Scout Cookies offers a delightful blend of sweet, nutty, and vanilla flavors with a hint of spice on the exhale. With THC levels ranging from 17% to 28%, it delivers a euphoric cerebral high coupled with deep relaxation.
Black Lime
Black Lime is an intriguing cannabis strain known for its unique flavor profile and potent effects. This hybrid strain is thought to be a cross between the Black Lime Reserve and Northern Lights varieties. The buds of Black Lime feature deep purple hues when grown properly with healthy trichomes.
Black Lime's aroma is a captivating blend of zesty lime and earthy undertones, with hints of pine and spice. It offers a smooth and flavorful experience that delights the palate. The high THC content, ranging from 20% to 26%, induces a cerebral and uplifting experience accompanied by relaxing physical effects. Users seeking stress relief, mood elevation, and creative inspiration often opt for this strain.
Mixed Berry
Mixed Berry is an enticing cannabis strain that's become a cult favorite due to its fruity aroma and flavorful hits. This hybrid strain is believed to be a cross between various berry-flavored strains, resulting in a delightful blend of tastes and effects. The buds of Mixed Berry exhibit shades of green and purple with vibrant orange pistils when grown with ample nutrients.
Mixed Berry's aroma is reminiscent of a berry patch, with notes of sweet strawberries, blueberries, and a hint of citrus. It offers a smooth and enjoyable flavor that leaves a pleasant aftertaste when consumed. The effects of this strain are typically balanced, providing a euphoric and uplifting cerebral experience combined with mild relaxation. Mixed Berry is often sought after by users looking for a flavorful and refreshing cannabis experience with a pleasant high.
Essential Oils With High Concentrations of Bisabolol
If you'd prefer to choose the exact terpenes you'd like to utilize without the psychoactive effects of cannabis consumption, you could decide to go the aromatherapy or infused products route. Here are three essential oils containing high concentrations of bisabolol:
Chamomile
Chamomile essential oil is derived from the flowers of the chamomile plant, primarily the species Matricaria chamomilla (German) or Chamaemelum nobile (Roman). Known for its calming and soothing properties, chamomile oil has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and aromatherapy.
Chamomile oil is valued for its potential to promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and sleep aid. It's also known for its anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
Candeia
Candeia essential oil is derived from the Candeia tree, scientifically known as Eremanthus erythropappus or Vanillosmopsis erythropappa. This unique essential oil is highly valued for its soothing and healing properties.
Candeia oil is often used in aromatherapy for its potential to promote calmness and mental clarity. It's also renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare formulations. Its distinct fragrance makes it a popular choice in perfumery and fragrance blends.
Sage
Sage essential oil is derived from the leaves of the Salvia officinalis plant, a member of the mint family. With a strong, herbaceous aroma, sage oil has been used for centuries for its therapeutic properties. It's well-known for its potential to promote focus and emotional balance and open up the airways.
Sage oil is often used in aromatherapy to support concentration during study or meditation. Additionally, sage oil is valued for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, making it a popular ingredient in natural cleaning products and personal care items. The stimulating and rejuvenating scent of sage essential oil is commonly enjoyed in diffusers, massage blends, bath products, and natural remedies, offering both atmosphere and potential health benefits.
Potential Side Effects & Precautions Around Bisabolol
Avoid using bisabolol products if you have a known allergy to chamomile or other plants in the same family. They may cause allergic reactions, such as skin rashes, itching, hives, or swelling.
Bisabolol may also interact with some medications, lowering the heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the action of certain chemicals in the body. These interactions can cause problems if you're taking drugs like beta-blockers (e.g., bisoprolol), which have a similar effect. When taking heart or blood pressure medication, consult your doctor before consuming cannabis terpenes like bisabolol.
To avoid potential side effects or unwanted interactions, you should always read the label and follow the usage recommendations of any product containing bisabolol. You should also test a small amount of the product on your skin before using it to check for allergic reactions. If you experience any severe or unusual symptoms after consuming bisabolol, you should discontinue use and seek medical attention immediately.
Existing Limitations on Bisabolol Research
Despite its potential benefits, some limitations exist in conducting and interpreting bisabolol research. First, bisabolol's low solubility and stability in water affect its bioavailability. Researchers have tried to use different formulations and carriers, such as cyclodextrin and liposomes. These methods may alter the biological activity and safety of bisabolol.
There's also a lack of standardized methods and protocols for evaluating the effects of bisabolol in different models and systems. There needs to be a consensus on the optimal dose, route, duration, and frequency of administration of bisabolol for various conditions and outcomes.
There's a need for rigorous and well-designed clinical trials to confirm the efficacy and safety of bisabolol in humans, as most existing studies have been conducted in vitro or in animal models. More research is needed to address these limitations and establish bisabolol's molecular mechanisms and pharmacokinetics in various settings.
We hope this primer on bisabolol has demonstrated its potential benefits and applications outside of a cup of chamomile tea!
If you want to see what this terpene can do for you, check out our True Blue sample pack builder here .