Terpenes are aromatic plant compounds that give cannabis strains their distinctive flavors and aromas. They are also found in many other plants, fruits, and herbs. Some lab and animal studies have explored terpene properties, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, but that research should not be read as proof that spraying terpenes on flower provides health benefits. Anyone using terpenes for a specific health concern should consult a healthcare provider.
One approach some cannabis users take is to apply terpenes directly to cannabis flower. Done carefully, this can enhance flavor, restore aroma to older or dried-out bud, and increase the overall terpene concentration of the product. However, terpenes are highly concentrated compounds and must be diluted before use. Applying them undiluted can irritate skin, eyes, and airways. This guide walks you through the process more safely.
A Note on the Entourage Effect
The entourage effect is the term often used to describe possible interactions between cannabinoids, terpenes, and other cannabis compounds. Spraying bud with terpenes may change the mix of aromatic compounds present, but it should not be assumed to create predictable effects.
For most users, the goal is practical: adjust the flavor and aroma of flower that may have lost some of its original terpene character during storage or processing.
What You Need to Dilute Terpenes
Before you start, gather the following:
- Terpene oil of your choice: Buy pure terpenes or terpene blends from a reputable source like True Blue. Look for products with clear testing and quality information.
- Carrier liquid: For spraying flower, food-grade ethanol is usually the most practical option because it evaporates quickly. Do not use this guide to formulate vape liquids.
- Measuring tools: Pipettes, syringes, or droppers for accurate measurement.
- Mixing tools: Beakers, flasks, or bottles for combining the solution.
- Safety equipment: Nitrile gloves at minimum. Goggles are recommended. Full-strength terpenes can irritate skin and eyes.
How to Choose Your Terpene Oil
The right terpene oil depends on what you are trying to achieve. Consider the following factors.
Bottle size and concentration
Terpene oils come in different sizes and concentrations. The higher the concentration, the more careful your dilution needs to be. Start with a smaller bottle if you are experimenting for the first time.
Strain-specific or isolated terpenes
Strain-specific terpene oils are blended to mimic the natural terpene profile of a cannabis strain, such as OG Kush or Sour Diesel. Isolated terpenes are single compounds, such as limonene, myrcene, or pinene. Strain-specific blends are a good starting point for recreating a particular aroma. Isolated terpenes give you more control over individual flavor notes.
Flavor and aroma profile
Terpene oils have different flavor and aroma profiles depending on their composition. Common categories include citrusy, fruity, floral, earthy, and skunky. Choose a profile that complements rather than overwhelms the flower you're working with.
How to Choose Your Carrier Liquid
The carrier dilutes the terpenes and determines how they are applied. Terpenes are oil-soluble, so they do not mix evenly with water on their own. Water-based solutions often separate unless they include a suitable emulsifier.
For spraying dried flower, food-grade ethanol is usually the most practical carrier because it evaporates quickly after application. Avoid oils, glycerin, or topical carriers on flower that will be smoked or vaporized. These materials may not evaporate fully and are not appropriate for this use.
Do not use this guide to make vape liquids. Inhalable products require ingredients and manufacturing controls designed for inhalation safety. Food-grade or topical-grade ingredients should not be assumed safe to inhale.
How to Determine the Right Dilution Ratio
The dilution ratio is the percentage of terpenes in your final solution. Terpenes are potent, and stronger is not always better. High concentrations can irritate the eyes, nose, mouth, skin, and airways.
A conservative starting point is 1% terpenes in the final solution. This is often enough to noticeably affect aroma without overwhelming the flower. Some formulators use higher percentages, but beginners should stay low, test a small batch first, and avoid applying heavy amounts to a larger quantity of flower.
How to Dilute Terpenes: Step by Step
- Clean your equipment. Clean all tools before use with alcohol wipes or another appropriate cleaning method.
- Measure your ingredients. Use your pipette or syringe to measure the terpene oil and carrier separately. For example, to make 100 mL of spray at 1% terpenes, measure 1 mL of terpene oil and 99 mL of carrier.
- Mix thoroughly. Combine the terpene oil and carrier in your mixing container and stir or shake until the solution is evenly mixed.
- Transfer and label. Move the finished solution into your spray bottle or storage container. Label it with the terpene type, dilution ratio, and date. Store in a cool, dark place away from heat and direct light.
How to Apply Terpenes to Flower
Once your solution is ready, apply a light, even mist to the flower from a short distance. Avoid soaking or oversaturating the bud. A few passes with a fine-mist spray bottle is enough for most applications.
After spraying, allow the flower to dry completely before smoking or vaporizing. Drying time depends on humidity, airflow, and how much spray was applied. Do not rush this step, and do not inhale flower while alcohol or solvent odor is still noticeable.
For more on how terpenes are extracted and what to look for in a quality product, see our guide to terpene extraction methods. You can also learn more about how to safely use terpenes in cannabis products or browse the full range of True Blue terpene options at true-blue.co.